FUNDAMENTALS OF FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY

Libro de Linda L. Klepinger (2006)

Contenido:

PART I BACKGROUND SETTING FOR FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY

1 Introduction
Overview of the Field
Education and Training
Overview of the Book

2 The Role of Forensic Anthropology in Historical Context
The Somewhat Difficult Birth of a Specialty
The Middle Years
Approaching Senescence?

PART II TOWARDS PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION

3 Initial Assessments of Skeletal Remains
Human or Not?
Number of Individuals Represented

4 Assignment of Sex
Criteria for Sex Attribution in the Adult Skeleton
Pelvic Traits
The Skull
Visual Assessment
Discriminant Function Analysis
The Appendicular Bones
Femur
Humerus
Other Appendicular Elements
Miscellaneous Axial Bones
Attribution of Sex from the Skeletons of Children
Figuring the Error Rate

5 Age Estimation
The Early Years
Dental Age
Bone Age
Long Bone Length
Union of Primary Ossification Centers
Epiphyseal Fusion
The Adult Years
Macroscopic Methods
Face of the Pubic Symphysis
Sternal Extremity of the Rib
The Auricular Surface
Cranial Suture Closure
Dental Methods
Microscopic Methods
Other Age Indicators
Concluding Remarks on Adult Age Estimation

6 Deciphering Ancestral Background
The Biological and the Cultural
The Biological Context
The Cultural Component
Skeletal Indicators
The Skull
The Postcranium

7 Stature Estimation
How Tall Are You, Really?
Estimation of Living Stature from Skeletal Remains
The Fully Method
Stature Estimation From Long Bone Length
Comparison of Methods
Reporting Stature Estimates
Correcting Stature Estimates for Older Adults
Secular Trend
Stature Estimates from Fragmentary Long Bones
Stature Estimation from Short Bone Length
Footwear and Foot Length

8 Skeletal Markers of Activity and Life History
Childbirth Indicators
Handedness
Other Activity Markers
Partial Medical History
Medical Radiology

PART III PRINCIPAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL ROLES IN MEDICAL–LEGAL INVESTIGATION

9 Trauma
Blunt Force Trauma
Cranial Fracture
Hyoid Fracture
Postcranial Fracture
Child Abuse
Penetrating and Perforating Trauma
Gunshot Wounds
Sharp Injuries

10 The Postmortem Period
Estimation of the Postmortem Interval
Postmortem Events
Carnivore Scavenging
Cremation
Has the Body Been Burned?
Fracturing
Bone Shrinkage
Dismemberment
Ritual Use of Skeletal Material

11 Professionalism, Ethics, and the Expert Witness
The Expert Witness
Standards and Credentials for Expert Testimony
Some Practical Issues
Ethics
Science in the Courtroom: Two Unfortunate Examples
When Good Science is not Presented
When Good Science is Ignored

12 Genetics and DNA
Serology and Mendelian Genetics
Forensic DNA Analysis
Legal Considerations