THE PREHISTORY OF FOOD

Appetites for change


Libro editado por Chris Gosden y Jon Hather (1999)


Indice

Part I Food and culture

1 Cash-crops before cash: organic consumables and trade
Andrew Sherratt
2 Cultural implications of crop introductions in Andean prehistory
Christine A.Hastorf
3 Uywaña, the house and its indoor landscape: oblique approaches to, and beyond, domestication
Alejandro F.Haber
4 Of water and oil: exploitation of natural resources and social change in eastern Arabia
Soren Blau
5 Plant exploitation among the Nukak hunter-gatherers of Amazonia: between ecology and ideology
Gustavo G.Politis

Part II Introductions

6 Food processing technology: its role in inhibiting or promoting change in staple foods
Helen M.Leach
7 Subsistence changes in India and Pakistan: the Neolithic and Chalcolithic from the point of view of plant use today
K.L.Mehra
8 Megalithic monuments and the introduction of rice into Korea
Sarah Milledge Nelson
9 The dispersal of domesticated plants into north-eastern Japan
Catherine D’Andrea
10 Native Americans and animal husbandry in the North American colony of Spanish Florida
Elizabeth J. Reitz

Part III Food and the landscape

11The meaning of ditches: deconstructing the social landscapes of New Guinea, Kuk, Phase 4
Tim Bayliss-Smith and Jack Golson
12 Different histories: a common inheritance for Papua New Guinea and Australia?
Chris Gosden and Lesley Head
13 From the swamp to the terrace: intensification of horticultural practices in New Caledonia, from first settlement to European contact
Christophe Sand
14 Warfare and intensive agriculture in Fiji
Robert Kuhlken
15 Whose land is it anyway? An historical examination of land tenure and agriculture in northern Jordan
Carol Palmer
16 Getting a life: stability and change in social and subsistence systems on the North-West Frontier, Pakistan, in later prehistory
Ken Thomas
17 Interaction of maritime and agricultural adaptations in the Japan Sea basin
Yuri E.Vostretsov
18 Invisible pastoralists: an inquiry into the origins of nomadic pastoralism in the West African Sahel
Kevin MacDonald
19 Evidence for agricultural change in the Balikh basin, northern Syria
Willem van Zeist

Part IV Plants and people
20 Tracking the banana: its significance in early agriculture
Edmond De Langhe and Pierre de Maret
21 The puzzle of the late emergence of domesticated sorghum in the Nile valley
Randi Haaland
22 The impact of maize on subsistence systems in South America: an example from the Jama river valley, coastal Ecuador
Deborah M.Pearsall
23 Starch in sediments: a new approach to the study of subsistence and land use in Papua New Guinea
Michael Therin, Richard Fullagar and Robin Torrence
24 Traditional seed cropping systems in the temperate Old World: models for antiquity
Ann Butler

25 Agrarian change and the beginnings of cultivation in the Near East: evidence from wild progenitors, experimental cultivation and archaeobotanical data
George Willcox

ANTHROPOLOGY and ARCHAEOLOGY

A changing relationship

Libro de Christopher Gosden (1999)


Indice

1 Anthropological archaeology and archaeological anthropology
Anthropological archaeology
Anthropological archaeology in North America
Anthropological archaeology in Britain
My approach to the special relationship

PART I
Histories
2 Colonial origins
Orders of difference
A tale of two collections: part 1
The problem of Europe
A tale of two collections: part 2
3 Instituting archaeology and anthropology: the role of fieldwork
Disciplines, professions, cultures
Instituting anthropology
Instituting archaeology
Doubts about anthropological fieldwork
4 Evolutionary, social and cultural anthropologies
The evolutionists: Morgan and Tylor
The years of change: Haddon and Rivers
Boas, relativism and culture history
The hyper-diffusionists
Functionalism: Durkheim, Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown
5 The post-war picture: neo-evolution, Marxism and structuralism
Neo-evolutionism
Revisionist histories
Marxism
Structuralist and symbolic anthropologies

PART II
The contemporary scene
Introduction to Part II
6 Bodily identities: gender, sexuality and practice
Good practice
Dwelling
Ritualised actions
Gender in anthropology
Gender in archaeology
Sex and sexuality
7 Material anthropology: landscape, material culture and history
Landscape
Material culture
Creative consumption
History
Styles of life
8 Globalism, ethnicity and post-colonialism
Globalism and economics
Globalism and culture
Globalism, knowledge and representation
Ethnic identity
Archaeology and ethnicity
Post-colonial theory: Said, Spivak and Bhabha
Creating the world by way of an ending

GENETIC NATURE/CULTURE

Anthropology and Science beyond the Two-Culture Divide





Libro editado por Alan H. Goodman, Deborah Heath y M. Susan Lindee (2003)


Indice

introduction.
Anthropology in an Age of Genetics: Practice, Discourse, and Critique
M. Susan Lindee, Alan Goodman, and Deborah Heath

part i. nature/culture

Section A. Human Populations/Genetic Resources
1. Indigenous Peoples, Changing Social and Political Landscapes, and Human Genetics in Amazonia
Ricardo Ventura Santos
2. Provenance and the Pedigree: Victor McKusick’s Fieldwork with the Old Order Amish
M. Susan Lindee
3. Flexible Eugenics: Technologies of the Self in the Age of Genetics
Karen-Sue Taussig, Rayna Rapp, and Deborah Heath
4. The Commodification of Virtual Reality: The Icelandic Health Sector Database
Hilary Rose

Section B. Animal Species/Genetic Resources
5. Kinship, Genes, and Cloning: Life after Dolly
Sarah Franklin
6. For the Love of a Good Dog: Webs of Action in the World of Dog Genetics
Donna Haraway
7. 98% Chimpanzee and 35% Daffodil: The Human Genome in Evolutionary and Cultural Context
Jonathan Marks

part ii. culture/nature

Section A. Political and Cultural Identity
8. From Pure Genes to GMOs: Transnationalized Gene Landscapes in the Biodiversity and Transgenic Food Networks
Chaia Heller and Arturo Escobar
9. Future Imaginaries: Genome Scientists as Sociocultural Entrepreneurs
Joan H. Fujimura
10. Reflections and Prospects for Anthropological Genetics in South Africa
Himla Soodyall

Section B. Race and Human Variation
11. The Genetics of African Americans: Implications for Disease Gene Mapping and Identity
Rick Kittles and Charmaine Royal
12. Human Races in the Context of Recent Human Evolution: A Molecular Genetic Perspective
Alan R. Templeton
13. Buried Alive: The Concept of Race in Science
Troy Duster
14. The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Promise and Problems of Ancient DNA for Anthropology
Frederika A. Kaestle

ARCHAEOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Libro de Zvi Goffer (2007)

Indice

1. MINERALS: Rock and Stone: Pigments, Abrasives, and Gemstones
1.1 The Chemical Elements
1.2 Minerals and Mineraloids
1.3 Rock and Stone
1.4 Study of Archaeological Stone
1.5 Chemical Analysis of Archaeological Materials

Isotopes in Archaeology
1.6 Provenance of Archaeological Materials
1.7 Chronology of Archaeological Materials
Potassium–Argon Dating
Argon–Argon Dating
Archaeologically Related Rock and Stone
1.8 Pigments
White Pigments
Black Pigments
Red Pigments
Yellow Pigments
Green Pigments
Blue Pigments
1.9 Abrasives
1.10 Gemstones
Cutting and Polishing Gemstones
Some Archaeological Gemstones

2. LITHICS: Flint and Obsidian
2.1 Quartz and Flint
2.2 Obsidian
Dating Obsidian
2.3 Use Wear Analysis

3. SAND: Glass, Glaze, and Enamel
3.1 Glass, Glaze, and Enamel
3.2 Glass
Soda Glass
Sodalime Glass
Potash Glass
Lead Glass
Colored Glass
Opaque Glass
3.3 Glassmaking
3.4 Ancient Glass Studies
Some Special Types of Ancient Glass
The Provenance of Glass
3.5 The Decay of Glass

4. SECONDARY ROCKS: Building Stone, Brick, Cement, and Mortar
4.1 Building Stone
Gypsum and Alabaster
Limestone and Marble
4.2 Cement
Mud
Bitumen
Lime and Gypsum Cements
4.3 Study of Ancient Cements

5. ORES: Metals and Alloys
5.1 Native Metals
5.2 Metalliferous Ores
5.3 Mining
5.4 Ore Dressing
5.5 Smelting
Smelting Fuel and Metal Reduction
5.6 Metal Refining
5.7 Alloys
5.8 The Metals and Alloys of Antiquity
Copper
Iron
Gold
Silver
Lead
Tin
Zinc
Mercury
Platinum
5.9 Deterioration of Metals and Alloys – Corrosion
Corrosion of Ancient Metals and Alloys
5.10 Studies on Archaeological Metals and Alloys
Ancient Metallurgy
Arsenical Copper
Damascus Steel
Granulation and Filigree
Coins

6. SEDIMENTS AND SOILS
6.1 Sediments, Oxygen Isotopes, and Ancient Temperatures
6.2 Soil
Composition and Properties of Soils
Archaeological Soils

7. CLAY: Pottery and Other Ceramic Materials
7.1 Primary Clay
7.2 Secondary Clay
7.3 Clay and Ceramic Materials
7.4 Ceramic Materials
Preceramics
Components of Ceramic Materials
7.5 Making Ceramics
Pottery Kilns
The Color of Fired Pottery
Glazing
7.6 Common Ceramic Materials
Terracotta
Earthenware
Stoneware
Porcelain
7.7 Study of Ancient Pottery
Attic Vase Painting
Coral Red Attic Pottery
Manganese Black Decoration
Islamic Stone-Paste
Egyptian Faience
Firing Conditions of Ancient Pottery
The Provenance of Pottery
Dating Pottery

8. THE BIOSPHERE: Organic and Biological Substances
8.1 Living Organisms and Cells
8.2 Biological Matter: Organic and Bioinorganic Substances
Organic Substances
Bioinorganic Substances
8.3 Ancient Biological Materials
8.4 Dating Organic Materials
Radiocarbon Dating

9. CARBOHYDRATES: Wood, Gums, and Resins
9.1 Wood
The Nature of Wood
The Composition and Physical Properties of Wood
Dendrochronology and Dendroclimatology
Dead Wood
Burned Wood
Archaeological Wood
9.2 Gums
9.3 Resins
Lacquers
Incense
9.4 Carbohydrates, Isotopes, and Study of Ancient Diets

10. LIPIDS: Oils, Fats, and Waxes; Soap
10.1 Oils, Fats, and Waxes
Oils
Fats
Waxes
10.2 Ancient Oils, Fats, and Waxes
10.3

11. PROTEINS: Skin, Leather, and Glue
11.1 Animal Skin
Skin and Hide
Fur
Parchment and Vellum
11.2 Leather
Tanning
Aftertanning Processes; Finishing
11.3 Glue
11.4 Dating Ancient Proteins – Amino Acid Racemization Dating

12. THE NUCLEIC ACIDS: Human Traits; Genetics and Evolution
12.1 DNA and RNA
DNA After Death
12.2 The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
12.3 Ancient DNA Studies

13. FIBERS: Yarn, Textiles, and Cordage; Writing Materials
13.1 Fibers, Textile, and Cordage
Vegetable Fibers
Animal Fibers
Inorganic Fibers
13.2 Archaeological Fibers and Fibrous Materials
13.3 Writing Materials
Papyrus
Paper
Nonpaper Flat Materials

14. DYES AND DYEING
14.1 Stains and Staining
14.2 The Dyeing Process
14.3 Mordants
14.4 The Nature of Dyes
14.5 Ancient Dyes
Blue Dyes
Green Dyes
Purple Dyes
Red Dyes
Yellow Dyes
14.6 Identification and Characterization of Ancient Dyes and Mordants

15. BIOINORGANIC MATERIALS: Bone, Ivory, and Shell; Phytoliths
15.1 Hard Animal Tissues
Bone
Teeth
Ivory
Horn
Antler
Shell
15.2 Archaeological Bone
Diagenesis of Buried Bone
Dating Bone
15.3 Bone, Stable Isotopes, and Ancient Diets
Nitrogen Stable Isotopes and Diet
Strontium Isotopes

16. SOME ANCIENT REMAINS: Mummies, Fossils, and Coprolites
16.1 Mummies and Mummification
Embalming
16.2 Fossils and Fossilization
16.3 Animal Excretions
Coprolites

17. THE ENVIRONMENT AND DECAY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIALS
17.1 Air and the Atmosphere
Composition of the Atmosphere
17.2 Water and the Hydrosphere
17.3 Pollution
Air Pollutants
Water Pollutants
17.4 The Interaction of Materials with the Environment
Temperature Effects
Sunlight
Oxygen and Ozone
Water
Air Pollutants
Soil Pollutants
17.5 Deterioration of Some Archaeological Materials
Pottery
Glass
Metals
Wood
Skin, Hide, and Leather
Fibrous Matter

18. AUTHENTICATION OF ANTIQUITIES
18.1 Technical and Scientific Methods of Authentication
Material Evidence
Scientific Examination
18.2 Some Authentication Studies
The Piltdown Man
Francis Drake’s Brass Plate
The Greek Bronze Horse from the Metropolitan
Museum
The Shroud of Turin

TEXTBOXES
1. Matter and Materials; Elements and Substances
2. The Structure of Matter: Atoms and Molecules
3. The States of Matter
4. The Properties of Matter
5. Electromagnetic Radiation; Waves
6. Atoms and Molecules; Chemical Nomenclature and Formulas
7. Mineral- and Rock-Forming Processes – Crystallization and Precipitation
8. The Composition of Materials: Major, Minor, and Trace Components
9. Analytical Chemistry
10. Physical Methods of Analysis Frequently Used in Archaeological Studies
11. Nondestructive Testing and Microanalysis
12. Isotopes
13. Radioactivity
14. Half-Life
15. Potassium–Argon and Argon–Argon Dating
16. Uranium Series Dating
17. Color and Colorants – Pigments and Dyes
18. Paint and Painting
19. Allotropes
20. Man Made Pigments: Frits and Lakes
21. The Structure of Solids: Amorphous and Crystalline Materials
22. Light: Its Nature and Properties
23. Hardness
24. Thermoluminescence and Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dating
25. The Hydration of Obsidian
26. Fission Track Dating
27. Supercooled Liquids; Glass and Vitreous Materials
28. Flux
29. Thermal Operations: Annealing, Tempering, and Sintering
30. The Isotopes of Lead
31. Cement
32. Composite Materials
33. Calcination and Roasting
34. Lime Cement; Quicklime, Slaked Lime
35. Gypsum Cement (Plaster of Paris)
36. Metals and Alloys
37. Metals Smelting and Refining
38. Shaping Materials: Cast and Wrought Objects
39. Lead Smelting
40. Zinc Smelting
41. Mercury Smelting
42. Corrosion
43. Bronze Disease
44. Metal Joining Techniques: Soldering and Welding
45. Weathering
46. Diagenesis
47. Stable Isotopes of Oxygen and Ancient Temperatures
48. Acids and Bases: The pH of Solutions
49. Refractory and Ceramic Materials
50. The Living Cell
51. Organic Substances
52. Radiocarbon Dating
53. Carbohydrates
54. Wood: Hardwoods and Softwoods
55. Adhesives; Sizes and Binders
56. Stable Carbon Isotopes and Ancient Diets
57. The Lipids
58. Polymers
59. Amino Acids, Polypeptides, and Proteins
60. The Proteins
61. Collagen
62. Tannins
63. Optical Isomers, Chirality, and Racemization
64. The Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
65. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
66. Fibers and Fibrous Materials
67. The Fluoridation of Bone
68. Imaging
69. Taphonomy
70. Atmospheric Pressure
71. Humidity
72. Water
73. Hard Water: Scale and Incrustations
74. Acid Rain
75. The Thermal Properties of Solids

Appendix I: The Chemical Elements
Appendix II: Chronometric Dating Methods: Selection Criteria
Appendix III: Symbols, Constants, Units, and Equivalencies

STATE and SOCIETY

The emergence and development of social hierarchy and political centralization




Libro editado por John Gledhill, Barbara Bender y Mogens Trolle Larsen (1988 -edición digital 2005).


Indice

Introduction: the comparative analysis of social and political transitions
John Gledhill

Social evolution and world-historical time
The pitfalls of supra-historical definitions
Chiefdom to state: gradual and quantitative transition or nonevent?
State and class
Europe and its ‘others’
Archaeological perspectives on state formation

RANKED SOCIETIES AND THE TRANSITION OF STATEHOOD

1 Small fish in a big sea: geographical dispersion and sociopolitical centralization in the Marshall Islands
Laurence Marshall Carucci
2 Evolution, sequential hierarchy, and areal integration: the case of traditional Samoan society
Thomas Bargatzky
Introduction
Simultaneous hierarchy and sequential hierarchy
The occasional ceremonial hierarchy of Safata
Ramifying descent groups in Samoa
Safata: an early state?
Discussion
3 The Hawaiian transformation of Ancestral Polynesian Society: conceptualizing chiefly states
Matthew Spriggs
Introduction
The Hawaiian cultural sequence
Interpretations of the Hawaiian sequence
A revised Hawaiian model
Conclusions

THE DYNAMICS OF STATE FORMATION: FORMATION PROCESSES, CUMULATIVE AND UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT, DEVOLUTION AND RESISTANCE

4 State formation and uneven development
Christine Ward GaileyThomas C.Patterson
Tribute-based states
The communal mode of production
The Germanic mode of production
The lineage mode of production
Discussion
5 Subsistence, social control of resources and the development of complex society in the Valley of Mexico
Brigitte Boehm de Lameiras
The primitive ancestors (6000?–1500 BC)
The first agricultural villages (1500–600 BC)
The development of cities (600 BC–AD 300) 92
The rise of an imperial state: Teotihuacan (c. AD 200–700)
The Toltec expansion (AD 700–1100)
A new reconcentration of efforts (AD 1100–1500)
Some conclusions
6 Hierarchization in Maya segmentary states
John W.Fox
Economics and ethnohistory
Chontal migration from ethnohistory
Segmentary lineage organization
Proxemics of segmentary lineage organization
Successive triparti te tiers
Genealogy and geography
Control of provinces and fragmentation
7 A cycle of development and decline in the early phases of civilization in Palestine: an analysis of the Intermediate Bronze Period (2200–2000 BC)
Talia Shay
Introduction
Theoretical background: definition of social change
The hypothetical explanations of the transition from Early to
Intermediate Bronze
8 Emerging towns in Benin and Ishan (Nigeria) AD 500–1500
P.J.Darling
9 Control of resources in the medieval period
C.G.Harfield
The need for a broader context
Lordship sites and the control of economic resources
10 Copper production and eastern Mediterranean trade: the rise of complex society on Cyprus
A.Bernard Knapp
Introduction
Archaeological background
Economic aspects: production, transportation, and exchange
Ideology and social organization
Copper, cosmopolitanism, and political power
Conclusions

THE RÔLE OF WRITING AND LITERACY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL POWER
Introduction: literacy and social complexity
Mogens Trolle Larsen
Interpretations: literacy and complexity
Mesopotamian writing
The logic of writing: Uruk and Peru
Conclusion

12 Literacy, social organization, and the archaeological record: the case of early Egypt
John Baines
Introduction
The context of writing
Early Egyptian writing
The 3rd-4th dynasties: development and its control
Extension and loosening of the system
Discussion
Conclusion
13 Power and authority in Early Historic Scotland: Pictish symbol stones and other documents
Stephen T.Driscoll
Historical synopsis
Pictish state formation: administration and discourse
Pictish symbol stones and symbolic discourse
Monumental symbols
14 Literacy and power: the introduction and use of writing in Early Historic Scotland
Margaret R.Nieke
15 Inventions of writing
Michael Harbsmeier
Technology and magic
Knowledge and power
Recapitulations

EUROPEAN COLONIALISM, THE TRANSFORMATION OF INDIGENOUS STATE FORMS, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN NATIONAL STATES

16 Patrimonialism, involution, and the agrarian question in Java: a Weberian analysis of class relations and servile labour
J.I.(Hans) Bakker
Introduction
Classic Indic states
Weber’s typology
Alternative models
Servile labour
Peripheralization?
World economy and patrimonialism
Japan and Java
Conclusion
17 Legacies of empire: political centralization and class formation in the Hispanic-American world
John Gledhill
The Spanish conquest as a disjunction in New World history
Class, state, and conquered in the Americas
Views from below: an example from central Mexico
Resistance to capitalism and to centralization
18 The centralization of education in Mexico: subordination and autonomy
Humberto González Chávez
The unit of analysis
The municipality and the centralization of education
The scope and implications of the centralization of education
Education and local social change
Conclusions

ORIGINS and REVOLUTIONS

Human Identity in Earliest Prehistory

Libro de Clive Gamble (2007)


Indice

part i. steps to the present
Prologue: The longest of long revolutions
1 The Neolithic Revolution
2 The Human Revolution
3 Metaphors for origins
Summary to Part I: Three revolutions in Originsland

part ii. the material basis of identity
4 Bodies, instruments and containers
5 The accumulation and enchainment of identity
6 Consuming and fragmenting people and things
Summary to Part II: Raising the bar

part iii. interpreting change
7 A prehistory of human technology: 3 million to 5,000 years ago
8 Did agriculture change the world?

Epilogue: The good upheava

THE POLITICS OF THE PAST

Libro editedo por Peter Gathercole y David Lowenthal (1994)


Indice

Foreword P.J.Ucko
Preface Peter Gathercole & David Lowenthal
Introduction Peter Gathercole

THE HERITAGE OF EUROCENTRICITY
Introduction
1 The Western world view in archaeological atlases
Chris Scarre
The development of world archaeology
Geographical imbalance
Conclusion
2 Public presentations and private concerns: archaeology in the pages of National Geographic Joan Gero & Dolores Root
The history of National Geographic Magazine
Analysis of archaeology in National Geographic Magazine
Conclusion
3 American nationality and ethnicity in the depicted past
Michael L.Blakey
Man, nation, and nature
Non-white exclusion and segregation in museum presentations
Current trends in museum ethnic presentations
Contrasting stereotypes of Euro-Americans and people of colour
Conclusion
4 Afro-Americans in the Massachusetts historical landscape
Robert Paynter
The Afro-American experience in Massachusetts
Theoretical perspectives
The W.E.B.DuBois Boyhood Homesite
Conclusion
5 Black people and museums: the Caribbean Heritage Project in Southampton
Ronald Belgrave
6 ‘Volk und Germanentum’: the presentation of the past in Nazi Germany
W.J.McCann

RULERS AND RULED
Introduction
7 Maori control of the Maori heritage
Stephen O’Regan
Scholarship and the Maori
Te Maori Exhibition
Conclusion
8 Nga Tukemata: Nga Taonga o Ngati Kahungunu (The awakening: the treasures of Ngati Kahungunu)
David J.Butts
9 God’s police and damned whores: images of archaeology in Hawaii
Matthew Spriggs
10 Aboriginal perceptions of the past: the implications for cultural resource management in Australia
Howard Creamer
Aboriginal culture and the past
Aboriginal involvement in site management
Conclusion
11 Search for the missing link: archaeology and the public in Lebanon
Helga Seeden
The role of the past in a divided nation
Conflicting views of the past: causes and cures
12 The legacy of Eve Sîan Jones & Sharon Pay 160
Gender in museum presentations of the past 161
The construction of knowledge 163
A new construction of archaeological knowledge
Towards a new emphasis in museums
Conclusion
13 Museums: two case studies of reaction to colonialism
Frank Willett
Nigeria
Scotland
Conclusion

POLITICS AND ADMINISTRATION
Introduction
14 Cultural education in West Africa: archaeological perspectives
Nwanna Nzewunwa
Early archaeological research
Colonialism and cultural development
Archaeology and West African culture history
Formal archaeological education
The diffusion of knowledge
Conclusion
15 The development of museums in Botswana: dilemmas and tensions in a front-line state Robert MacKenzie
Museums and cultural policy
The background to present-day museums in Botswana
The present position of museums
Conclusion
16 A past abandoned? Some experiences of a regional museum in Botswana
Sandy Grant
The past disguised
The past revived
The past conserved
Future museum development in Botswana
17 Archaeology and museum work in the Solomon Islands
Lawrence Foanaota
18 Fifty years of conservation experience on Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Chile
Sergio Rapu
The archaeological heritage
Steps towards conservation
Conclusion
Appendix

ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE PEOPLE
Introduction
19 Didactic presentations of the past: some retrospective considerations in relation to the Archaeological and Ethnographical Museum, Lódz, Poland
Andrzej Mikolajczyk
20 Reconstruction as interpretation: the example of the Jorvik Viking Centre, York
Peter V.Addyman
21 Fort Loudoun, Tennessee, a mid-18th century British fortification: a case study in research archaeology, reconstruction, and interpretive exhibits
Carl Kuttruff
History
Archaeological investigations
Interpretive programme
Motives for reconstruction
22 Conservation and information in the display of prehistoric sites
Nicholas P.Stanley Price
Site conservation and information
Archaeological site values
Restoration, display, and the public
23 The epic of the Ekpu: ancestor figures of Oron, south-east Nigeria
Keith Nicklin
The religious and social significance of the carvings
The collection of the carvings and the building of the Oron Museum
The Civil War
The National Museum, Oron
Conclusion

Conclusion: archaeologists and others
David Lowenthal
The politics of the past: the United States and Britain
The politics of official history: Poland and Greece
The politics of heritage restitution
The politics of minority tradition

Gender and Archaeology

Libro de Roberta Gilchrist (1999)

Indice

1 Gender and archaeology: beyond the manifiesto.
2 Strange bedfellows: feminism and archaeology.
3 Genderes hierarchies? labour, "prestige" anf production.
4 Experiencing gender: identity, sexuality and the body.
5 Performing the past: gendered time, space, and lifecycles.
6 The contested garden: gender, space and metaphor in the medieval English castle.
7 Coda: the borders of sex, gender and knowledge.

GLOBAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL THEORY

Contextual Voices and Contemporary Thoughts





libro editado por Pedro Paulo Funari, Andrés Zarankin y Emily Stovel (2005)


I. Archaeological Theory
Global Archaeological Theory: Introduction
Pedro Paulo A. Funari, Andrés Zarankin, and Emily Stovel

1. Materiality and the Social
Julian Thomas
2. Archaeology and the Meanings of Material Culture
Norberto Luiz Guarinello
3. Why Is There Material Culture Rather than Nothing? Heideggerian Thoughts and Archaeology
Hakan Karlsson
4. What Conditions of Existence Sustain a Tension Found in the Use of Written and Material Documents in Archaeology?
José Alberione dos Reis
5. The Reception of New Archaeology in Argentina: A Preliminary Survey
Irina Podgorny, María Dolores Tob´ıas, and Ma´ ximo Farro

II. Archaeological Theory and Methods in Action
6. Network Theory and the Archaeology of Modern History
Charles E. Orser Jr.
7. The Comparative Method in Archaeology and the Study of Spanish and Portuguese South American Material Culture
Pedro Paulo A. Funari
8. Bodies in Prehistory: Beyond the Sex/Gender Split
Benjamin Alberti
9. Children’s Activity in the Production of the Archaeological Record of Hunter-Gatherers: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach
Gustavo G. Politis
10. The Archaeology of Identity Construction: Ceramic Evidence from Northern Chile
Emily M. Stovel
11. Rethinking Stereotypes and the History of Research on Jeˆ Populations in South Brazil: An Interdisciplinary Point of View
Francisco Silva Noelli

III. Space and Power in Material Culture
12. Traveling Objects and Spatial Images: Exchange Relationships and the Production of Social Space
Marisa Lazzari
13. The Materiality of Inka Domination: Landscape, Spectacle, Memory, and Ancestors
Félix A. Acuto
14. Walls of Domestication—Archaeology of the Architecture of Capitalist Elementary Public Schools: The Case of Buenos Aires
Andrés Zarankin
15. Enlightened Discourses, Representations, and Social Practices in the Spanish Settlement of Floridablanca, Patagonia 18th Century
Maria Ximena Senatore

IV. Images as Material Discourse
16. Stylistic Units in Prehistoric Art Research: Archeofacts or Realities?
André Prous
17. Water and Olive Oil: An Analysis of Rural Scenes in Black and Red Figure Attic Vases and the Construction of the Athenian Empire
André Leonardo Chevitarese

V. The Construction of Archaeological Discourse
18. Between Motorcycles and Rifles: Anglo-American and Latin American Radical Archaeologies
Randall H. McGuire and Rodrigo Navarrete
19. Footsteps of the American Race: Archaeology, Ethnography, and Romantism in Imperial Brazil (1838–1867)
Lúcio Menezes Ferreira
20. Brazilian Archaeology: Indigenous Identity in the Early Decades of the Twentieth Century
Ana Cristina Piñón Sequeira
21. Discussion: A Response from the ‘Core’
Matthew H. Johnson

HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY

Back from the edge



Libro editado por Pedro Paulo A. Funari, Martin Hall y Siân Jones (1999)


1 Introduction: archaeology in history
Pedro Paulo A.Funari, Siân Jones and Martin Hall

Archaeology in history: problems of definition and subject matter
Dislocation and continuity: historical archaeology and the construction of identity
Theoretical and methodological problems
‘Back from the edge’: towards a world-wide historical archaeology
Power and identity: common themes—diverse contexts
Fragmentation

Archaeology and history: an ambivalent relationship

2 Rethinking historical archaeology
Matthew H.Johnson

The fragmentation of theory
The fragmentation of disciplinarity
The fragmentation of master narratives
The fragmentation of method
One way forward
Conclusion

3 Historical archaeology from a world perspective
Pedro Paulo A.Funari

Historical archaeology, an American discipline
The European outlook
Are there peripheral outlooks?
The revolutionary role of capitalism and a possible international outlook
Non-capitalist features of the modern world: Latin America, a case in point
Towards a world perspective

4 Research trends in the historical archaeology of Zimbabwe
Innocent Pikirayi

Introduction
Definitions and theoretical approaches
Historical archaeology in Zimbabwe
Archaeology, environment and the written sources: the archaeological sites connected with the Torwa/Changamire states
Addressing the problem of Ndebele—British interaction: the archaeology of the Ndebele state and the early colonial period
Merchant capital, trade and states in northern Zimbabwe: the archaeology of the Mutapa state
Conclusions

5 The séance of 27 August 1889 and the problem of historical consciousness
Malcolm Quinn

Archaeologies of domination and resistance

6 Gender, symbolism and power in Iberian societies
Margarita Díaz-Andreu and Trinidad Tortosa

Introduction
Iberians, art and gender
Discussion

7 The tyranny of the text: lost social strategies in current historical period archaeology in the classical Mediterranean
David B.Small

Introduction
Texts and archaeology in classical studies
The issue
A social historian/archaeologist’s reconstruction
The mortuary record
The context of the cemetery and social historians/archaeologists’ models
Discussion
Conclusion

8 The imperial context of Romano-British studies and proposals for a new understanding of social change
Richard Hingley

The imperial context of the theory of Romanization
Proposals for a new understanding of social change
A case study: the roundhouse
Conclusions

9 Class and rubbish
Duncan H.Brown

Class
Medieval rubbish in Southampton
Medieval Southampton
Distribution of pottery types
The value of imported pottery
Conclusion

10 Proto-colonial archaeology: the case of Elizabethan Ireland
Eric Klingelhofer

Earlier Tudor colonization
Elizabethan colonization
Jacobean colonization
Proto-colonial archaeology in Northern Ireland
Conclusions

11 West India: iconographie documents from the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries in Brazil
Maria L.Quartim de Moraes

Introduction
Seventeenth-century travellers: Dutch Brazil
Nineteenth-century travellers: the Enlightenment vision
A way of life: slavery as a relational pattern
Concluding: Brazil as it is

12 Subaltern voices? Finding the spaces between things and words
Martin Hall

13 On rejecting the concept of socio-economic status in historical archaeology
Gregory G.Monks

Introduction
Analytic tools: archaeological
Analytic tools: documentary
A question of aims
Discussion
Issues of identity, nationalism and ethnicity

14 Historical categories and the praxis of identity: the interpretation of ethnicity in historical archaeology
Siân Jones

The problem: the interplay of text and material culture in the interpretation of ethnic groups
Historical archaeology: ‘handservant’ of history or objective science?
A theoretical approach to ethnicity
Practice and representation
Conclusions

15 Lost kingdoms: oral histories, travellers’ tales and archaeology in southern Madagascar
Mike Parker Pearson, Karen Godden, Ramilisonina, Retsihisatse, Jean-Luc Schwenninger and Helen Smith
Methods and sources
European written sources: Flacourt and Drury
Oral histories
Archaeological survey and excavation
The origins of Tandroy ethnicity
Conclusion

16 Pidgin English: historical archaeology, cultural exchange and the Chinese in the Rocks, 1890–1930
Jane Lydon

The Rocks
Conclusion

17 The formation of ethnic-American identities: Jewish communities in Boston
Suzanne M.Spencer-Wood

Introduction
European origins of Jewish-American identities
Outline of the development of Jewish-American identities
A historical archaeology survey of the development of Boston’s Jewish-American community identities 1840–1920
Conclusion

18 Maroon, race and gender: Palmares material culture and social relations in a runaway settlement
Pedro Paulo A.Funari

Introduction: slaveholding societies, runaway settlements and Palmares
Historical archaeology, its objectives and the Palmares archaeological project
Ethnicity, material culture and Palmares

19 Black identity and sense of past in Brazilian national culture
Michael Rowlands

Introduction
An archaeology of resistance?
A short history of Palmares
The archaeology of Palmares
An African-American culture at Palmares?
Conclusion

Human and Nonhuman Bone Identification

A COLOR ATLAS


Atlas de Diane L. France (2009)


Introduction.

Cranium: Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Rodentia, Xenarthra, Marsupialia, Chiroptera, Marine Mammals.

Mandible: Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Rodentia, Xenarthra, Marsupialia, Marine Mammals.

Dentition:Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Rodentia, Xenarthra, Marsupialia, Chiroptera, Marine Mammals.

Scapula: Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Rodentia, Xenarthra, Marsupialia, Marine Mammals.

Humerus: Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Rodentia, Xenarthra, Marsupialia, Marine Mammals.

Radius: Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Rodentia, Xenarthra, Marsupialia, Marine Mammals.

Ulna: Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Rodentia, Xenarthra, Marsupialia, Marine Mammals.

Metacarpals and Forelimbs: Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Rodentia, Chiroptera, Marine Mammals.

Vertebrae: Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Rodentia.

Pelvic Girdle: Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Rodentia, Xenarthra, Marsupialia, Marine Mammals.

Femur: Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla,Carnivora, Rodentia, Xenarthra, Marsupialia, Marine Mammals.

Tibia: Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla,Carnivora, Rodentia, Xenarthra, Marsupialia, Marine Mammals.

Fibula: Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Rodentia, Xenarthra, Marsupialia, Marine Mammals.

Metatarsals and Hindlimbs: Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla,Carnivora, Rodentia, Xenarthra, Chiroptera.

Skeletons Arranged by Species: Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Rodentia, Xenarthra, Marsupialia, Chiroptera, Marine Mammals.

THE ORIGINS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR

Libro de R. A. Foley (1991)


Introduction: investigating the origins of human behaviour R.A.Foley

1 Chimpanzee material culture: what are its limits and why?
W.C.McGrew

Introduction
Culture and symbols
Environment and adaptation
Diet
Home bases
Technology
Conclusions

2 How useful is the culture concept in early hominid studies?
R.A.Foley

Introduction
Definitions of culture
The use of culture in palaeoanthropology
The inadequacy of culture
Those damned chimpanzees
The evolution of complex and flexible behaviour
Conclusions

3 The significance of modern hunter-gatherers in the study of early hominid behaviour
Francis B.Musonda

Introduction
Environmental setting
Settlement patterns
Subsistence activities
Social organization
Conclusions

4 Archaeological evidence for modern intelligence
Thomas Wynn

Introduction
Archaeology and intelligence
A Piagetian approach to prehistoric intelligence
Concrete operations
Archaeological evidence for concrete operations
Formal operations
Archaeological evidence for formal operations
Critique of formal operations
Conclusions

5 The invention of computationally plausible knowledge systems in the Upper Palaeolithic Sheldon Klein

The problem of computing human behaviour by rules
The basic structure of the invention
ATOs, language, and culture
ATOs and the ontogeny of shamanism
The evidence of Lévi-Strauss
Testing the ATO model in historical time
Conclusions

6 An interactive growth model applied to the expansion of Upper Palaeolithic populations
Ezra B.W.Zubrow

The background
The model
Results from the model
Conclusions

7 Aboriginal fossil hominids: evolution and migrations
Phillip J.Habgood

Neanderthals and Modern Humans

An Ecological and Evolutionary Perspective




Libro de Clive Finlayson (2004)


1 Human evolution in the Pleistocene
2 Biogeographical patterns
3 Human range expansions, contractions and extinctions
4 The Modern Human–Neanderthal problem
5 Comparative behaviour and ecology of Neanderthals and Modern Humans
6 The conditions in Africa and Eurasia during the last glacial cycle
7 The Modern Human colonisation and the Neanderthal extinction
8 The survival of the weakest

THE DEAD AND THEIR POSSESSIONS

Libro editado por Cressida Fforde, Jane Hubert y Paul Turnbull (segunfa edición 2004)


Introduction: the reburial issue in the twenty-first century
Jane Hubert and Cressida Fforde
1 Repatriation as healing the wounds of the trauma of history: cases of Native Americans in the United States of America
Russell Thornton
2 Collection, repatriation and identity
Cressida Fforde
3 Saami skulls, anthropological race research and the repatriation question in Norway
Audhild Schanche
4 Skeletal remains of the Norwegian Saami
Berit J. Sellevold
5 Indigenous Australian people, their defence of the dead and native title
Paul Turnbull
6 Bone reburial in Israel: legal restrictions and methodological implications
Yossi Nagar
7 A decade after the Vermillion Accord: what has changed and what has not?
Larry J. Zimmerman
8 Academic freedom, stewardship and cultural heritage: weighing the interests of stakeholders in crafting repatriation approaches
Rosemary A. Joyce
9 Implementing a ‘true compromise’: the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act after ten years
C.Timothy McKeown
10 Repatriation in the USA: a decade of federal agency activities under NAGPRA
Francis P. McManamon
11 Artefactual awareness: Spiro Mounds, grave goods and politics
Joe Watkins
12 Implementation of NAGPRA: the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard
Barbara Isaac
13 Ka Huaka‘i O Na- ‘O–iwi: the Journey Home
Edward Halealoha Ayau and Ty Ka-wika Tengan
14 Implementing repatriation in the United States: issues raised and lessons learned
Roger Anyon and Russell Thornton
15 The plundered past: Britain’s challenge for the future
Moira Simpson
16 One hundred and sixty years of exile: Vaimaca Pirú and the campaign to repatriate his remains to Uruguay
Rodolfo Martinez Barbosa
17 Tambo
Walter Palm Island
18 Yagan
Cressida Fforde
19 The connection between archaeological treasures and the Khoisan people
Martin L. Engelbrecht
20 Missing persons and stolen bodies: the repatriation of ‘El Negro’ to Botswana
Neil Parsons and Alinah Kelo Segobye
21 The reburial of human remains at Thulamela, Kruger National Park, South Africa
Tshimangadzo Israel Nemaheni
22 ‘Ndi nnyi ane a do dzhia marambo?’ – ‘who will take the bones?’: excavations at Matoks, Northern Province, South Africa
Warren S. Fish
23 The reburial issue in Argentina: a growing conflict
María Luz Endere
24 Partnership in museums: a tribal Maori response to repatriation
Paul Tapsell
25 Indigenous governance in museums: a case study, the Auckland War Memorial Museum
Merata Kawharu
26 Developments in the repatriation of human remains and other cultural items in Queensland, Australia
Michael Aird
27 Practicalities in the return of remains: the importance of provenance and the question of unprovenanced remains
Deanne Hanchant
28 Heritage that hurts: the case of the grave of Cecil John Rhodes in the Matopos National Park, Zimbabwe
Svinurayi Joseph Muringaniza

The Materiality of Death

Bodies, burials, beliefs





Libro editado por Fredrik Fahlander y Terje Oestigaard (2008)


Chapter 1. The Materiality of Death: Bodies, Burials, Beliefs
Fredrik Fahlander & Terje Oestigaard

Bodies
Chapter 2. More than Metaphor: Approaching the Human Cadaver in Archaeology
Liv Nilsson Stutz
Chapter 3. A Piece of the Mesolithic. Horizontal Stratigraphy and Bodily Manipulations at Skateholm
Fredrik Fahlander
Chapter 4. Excavating the Kings’ Bones: The Materiality of Death in Practice and Ethics Today
Anders Kaliff & Terje Oestigaard
Chapter 5. From Corpse to Ancestor: The Role of Tombside Dining in the Transformation of the Body in Ancient Rome
Regina Gee

Burials
Chapter 6. Cremations, Conjecture and Contextual Taphonomies: Material Strategies during the 4th to 2nd Millennia BC in Scotland
Paul R J Duffy and Gavin MacGregor
Chapter 7. Ritual and Remembrance at Archaic Crustumerium. The Transformations of Past and Modern Materialities in the Cemetery of Cisterna Grande (Rome, Italy)
Ulla Rajala
Chapter 8. Reuse in Finnish Cremation Cemeteries under Level Ground – Examples of Collective Memory
Anna Wickholm
Chapter 9. Life and Death in the Bronze Age of the NW of Iberian Peninsula
Ana M. S. Bettencourt
Chapter 10. Norwegian Face-Urns: Local Context and Interregional Contacts
Malin Aasbøe
Chapter 11. The Use of Ochre in Stone Age Burials of the East Baltic
Ilga Zagorska

Beliefs
Chapter 12. “Death Myths”: Performing of Rituals and Variation in Corpse Treatment during the Migration Period in Norway
Siv Kristoffersen and Terje Oestigaard
Chapter 13. Reproduction and Relocation of Death in Iron Age Scandinavia
Terje Gansum
Chapter 14. A Road for the Viking’s Soul
Åke Johansson
Chapter 15. A Road to the Other Side
Camilla Grön
Chapter 16. Stones and Bones: The Myth of Ymer and Mortuary Practises with an Example from the Migration Period in Uppland, Central Sweden.
Christina Lindgren

Material Culture and Other Things

Post-disciplinary Studies in the 21st Century




Libro publicado por Fredrik Fahlander & Terje Oestigaard (2004)


Introduction.
- Material Culture and Post-disciplinary Sciences
Fredrik Fahlander & Terje Oestigaard

The World as Artefact
- Material Culture Studies and Archaeology
Terje Oestigaard

Social Identity, the Body, and Power
Per Cornell

Prehistoric Material Culture
- Presenting, Commemorating, Politicising
Gro Kyvik

Discontinious Maya Identities.
- Culture and Ethnicity in Mayanist Discourse
Johan Normark

Operational Ethnicity
- Serial Practice and Materiality
Jörgen M. Johannensen

Archaeology and Anthropology: Brothers in Arms?
- On Analogies in 21st Century Archaeology
Fredrik Fahlander

MRT Confidential
Pontus Forslund

An Essay on Material Culture
- Some Concluding Reflections
Kristian Kristiansen

DIGITAL ARCHAEOLOGY

Bridging method and theory





Libro editado por Thomas L. Evans and Patrick Daly (2006)


PART I Where we’ve been and where we are going
Introduction: archaeological theory and digital pasts
PATRICK DALY AND THOMAS L.EVANS
1 Digital archaeology: a historical context
EZRA B.W.ZUBROW

PART II Data collection
2 Archaeological survey in a digital world
MATT BRADLEY
3 Drowning in data? Digital data in a British contracting unit
PAUL BACKHOUSE

PART III Quantification made easy
4 You, me and IT: the application of simple quantitative techniques in the examination of gender, identity and social reproduction in the Early to Middle Iron Age of northeastern France
THOMAS L.EVANS

PART IV Modelling the past
5 Jouma’s tent: Bedouin and digital archaeology
CAROL PALMER AND PATRICK DALY
6 Digital archaeology and the scalar structure of pastoral landscapes: modeling mobile societies of prehistoric Central Asia
MICHAEL FRACHETTI
7 What you see is what you get? Visualscapes, visual genesis and hierarchy
MARCOS LLOBERA

PART V Virtual worlds
8 ‘Digital gardening’: an approach to simulating elements of palaeovegetation and some implications for the interpretation of prehistoric sites and landscapes
BENJAMIN R.GEAREY AND HENRY P.CHAPMAN
9 At the edges of the lens: photography, graphical constructions and cinematography
GRAEME P.EARL

PART VI Disseminating the data
10 Electronic publication in archaeology
JULIAN D.RICHARDS
11 Computers, learning and teaching in archaeology: life past and present on the screen
GARY LOCK
12 What’s another word for thesaurus? Data standards and classifying the past
ANDREW BAINES AND KENNETH BROPHY

PART VII Conclusion

Sensible Objects

Colonialism, Museums and Material Culture





Libro editado por Elizabeth Edwards, Chris Gosden y Ruth B. Phillips (2006)



Introduction
Elizabeth Edwards, Chris Gosden, and Ruth B. Phillips

Part 1 The Senses
1 Enduring and Endearing Feelings and the Transformation of Material Culture in West Africa Kathryn Linn Geurts and Elvis Gershon Adikah
2 Studio Photography and the Aesthetics of Citizenship in The Gambia, West Africa
Liam Buckley
3 Cooking Skill, the Senses, and Memory: The Fate of Practical Knowledge
David Sutton

Part 2 Colonialism
4 Mata Ora: Chiseling the Living Face, Dimensions of Maori Tattoo
Ngahuia Te Awekotuku
5 Smoked Fish and Fermented Oil: Taste and Smell among the Kwakwaka’wakw
Aldona Jonaitis
6 Sonic Spectacles of Empire: The Audio-Visual Nexus, Delhi–London, 1911–12
Tim Barringer

Part 3 Museums
7 The Museum as Sensescape: Western Sensibilities and Indigenous Artifacts
Constance Classen and David Howes
8 The Fate of the Senses in Ethnographic Modernity: The Margaret Mead Hall of Pacific Peoples at the American Museum of Natural History
Diane Losche
9 Contact Points: Museums and the Lost Body Problem
Jeffrey David Feldman
10 The Beauty of Letting Go: Fragmentary Museums and Archaeologies of Archive
Sven Ouzman

FORENSIC RECOVERY OF HUMAN REMAINS

ARCHAEOLOGICAL APPROACHES





Libro editado por Tosha L. Dupras, John J. Schultz, Sandra M. Wheeler y Lana J. Williams en 2006


Chapter 1 An Introduction to Forensic Anthropology and Forensic archaeology
1.1 What Do Forensic Anthropologists Do?
1.2 What Do Forensic Archaeologists Do?
1.3 Where Are Forensic Anthropologists and Forensic Archaeologists Employed?
1.4 How to Find a Forensic Anthropologist for Forensic Archaeologist
1.4.1 American Academy of Forensic Sciences
1.4.2 American Board of Forensic Anthropology

Chapter 2 Tools and Equipment
2.1 Search and Site Preparation Equipment
2.2 Field Excavation Equipment
2.3 Mapping and Measuring Equipment
2.4 Drawing and Recording Equipment
2.5 Optional Equipment

Chapter 3 Search Techniques Used in Locating Human Remains
3.1 Types of Search Areas
3.2 Planning the Search
3.2.1 Visual Foot Searches
3.2.1.1 Strip or Line Search
3.2.1.2 Grid Search
3.2.1.3 Circular Pattern
3.3 Other Recommendations for Visual Searches
3.4 Briefing Team Members Prior to a Search
3.5 Indicators to Look for When Searching for Burials and Surface Remains
3.5.1 Locating Surface Scatters
3.5.2 Locating Disarticulated and Dispersed Remains
3.5.2.1 Common Taphonomic Processes That Disarticulate and Disperse Skeletal Remains
3.5.2.2 Weathering
3.5.2.3 Carnivore Activity
3.5.2.4 Rodent Gnawing
3.5.2.5 Botanical Activity
3.5.2.6 Additional Taphonomic Processes That Can Damage Bone
3.5.3 Locating Burials
3.6 Cadaver Dogs
3.6.1 What Is a Cadaver Dog?
3.6.2 Limitations of Cadaver Dogs
3.6.3 Finding a Cadaver Dog
3.7 Intrusive Search Methods
3.7.1 Probe Searches
3.7.2 Disadvantages of Using Probe Searches
3.8 Shovel Testing and Shovel Shining
3.9 Forensic Backhoe

Chapter 4 GPR and Other Geophysical Search Technologies
4.1 Ground-Penetrating Radar
4.1.1 GPR Equipment
4.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of GPR
4.2 Conductivity Meters
4.3 Resistivity Meters
4.4 Magnetometers
4.5 Metal Detectors
4.6 Magnetic Locators
4.7 Side-Scan Sonar
4.8 How to Find a Consultant for a Geophysical Survey

Chapter 5 The Collection of Botanical and Entomological Evidence
5.1 Forensic Botany
5.1.1 Collection Procedures for Botanical Evidence
5.1.2 How to Find a Forensic Botanist
5.2 Forensic Entomology
5.2.1 Insect Life Cycle
5.2.2 Collection Procedures for Entomological Evidence
5.2.3 Collecting Climatological and Temperature Data
5.2.4 Collection of Specimens before Body Removal
5.2.4.1 Collection of Fast Flying and Crawling Insects
5.2.4.2 Collection of Insects on the Body
5.2.4.3 Collection of Insects That Have Migrated from the Body
5.2.5 Collection of Specimens after Body Removal
5.2.6 How to Find a Forensic Entomologist

Chapter 6 Survey and Mapping Techniques
6.1 Scales for Recording Data
6.2 Accuracy in Recording Data
6.3 Transit Survey Systems
6.3.1 Datum Points and Benchmarks
6.4 Compass Survey
6.5 Selecting a Framework for Mapping
6.5.1 Setting Limits and Datum for Mapping
6.5.2 Control-Point Mapping
6.5.3 Grid-System Mapping
6.5.4 Sectional Drawings from Mapped Data
6.5.5 Mapping on a Slope
6.5.6 Records of Recovery
6.6 Global Positioning Systems
6.7 Photograph and Map Resources

Chapter 7 The Application of Forensic Archaeology to Crime Scene Investigations
7.1 General Principles of Archaeology
7.1.1 Provenience and Context
7.1.2 Features
7.1.3 Stratigraphy
7.1.4 Superposition and Relative Dating
7.1.5 Geotaphonomy
7.1.5.1 Tool Marks
7.1.5.2 Bioturbation
7.1.5.3 Sedimentation
7.1.5.4 Compaction and Depression
7.2 Process of Burial
7.3 Description of Burials
7.3.1 Surface Deposit
7.3.2 Primary Burials
7.3.3 Disturbed Burials
7.3.4 Secondary Burials
7.3.5 Multiple Burials
7.3.6 Cremations or Thermal Damage to Skeletal Remains
7.4 Position and Orientation of the Body
7.5 Archaeological Approaches to Recovering Human Remains
7.5.1 Removing Surface Remains and Associated Evidence
7.5.1.1 Step #1—Examining the Recovery Area and Establishing Spatial Controls
7.5.1.2 Step #2—Exposing and Recording the Main Surface Site
7.5.1.3 Step #3—Removing Surface Remains
7.5.2 Removing Buried Remains and Associated Evidence
7.5.2.1 Step #1—Examining the Recovery Area and Establishing Spatial Controls
7.5.2.2 Step #2—Identifying and Examining the Burial Cut
7.5.2.3 Step #3—Excavating the Burial Feature
7.5.2.4 Step #4—Exposing the Remains
7.5.2.5 Step #5—Removing the Remains
7.5.2.6 Step #6—Excavating the Burial Cut
7.6 Packaging and Storage of Human Skeletal Remains
7.7 Recovery of Fleshed Remains
7.8 Recovery of Juvenile Remains
7.9 Recovery of Burnt Remains

Chapter 8 Forensic Archaeological Case Study

Chapter 9 Identification of Human Remains
9.1 Typical Skeletal Terminology Used in Forensic Reports
9.1.1 Terminology Associated with the Gross Morphology of Bone
9.1.2 Terminology Associated with Bone Features
9.1.3 Terminology Associated with Skeletal Direction
9.2 Basic Adult Human Skeletal Biology
9.3 The Subadult Skeleton
9.4 Human Dentition
9.4.1 Terminology Associated with the Human Dentition
9.4.2 Dental Numbering Systems

Chapter 10 Distinguishing Nonhuman Skeletal Remains
10.1 Distinguishing Humans from Other Mammals
10.2 The Bird Skeleton
10.3 The Reptilian Skeleton
10.4 The Amphibian Skeleton
10.5 The Fish Skeleton
10.6 Nonhuman Animal Bones Commonly Confused with Human Bones

Appendix 1: Basic Equipment Checklist
Appendix 2: Entomology Kit Checklist
Appendix 3: Entomology Notation and Collection Checklist
Appendix 4: Entomology Specimen Log Sheet
Appendix 5: Entomology Data Form (After Byrd, 2001)
Appendix 6: Entomological Preservation Solutions (Terrestrial)
Appendix 7: Measurement Equivalents and Conversion Factors
Appendix 8: Hypotenuse Table for Constructing Grids
Appendix 9: Adult Skeletal Inventory Form
Appendix 10: Adult Skeleton Inventory Image
Appendix 11: Juvenile Skeleton Inventory Image

Human Origins

Libro de Holly M. Dunsworth (2007)

1. A Brief Overview of the Search for Human Origins

The Science of Human Origins and Evolution
Scientific Method
Forefathers
Piltdown
Dubois and Beyond
Current Issues

2. From Fish to Fishermen

Evidence for Evolution
Biogeography
Fossils and Geology
Artificial Selection
Homology and Analogy
Vestigial Traits
Embryology
Natural Selection
Variation
Heredity
Differential Fitness
Adaptation
From Mendel to the Modern Synthesis
DNA, Chromosomes, Cells, and Inheritance
Forces of Evolution
Mutation
Gene Flow
Genetic Drift
Selection
Sexual Selection
Speciation
Clarifying Evolution
Taxonomy and Classification
Primates
Monkeys and Apes

3. Prehistoric Evidence

What Is a Fossil?
Geology and Dating Methods
Climate Change and Paleoenvironment
The Earliest Primates and Fossil Monkeys
Fossil Apes
Bushes and Trees
The Last Common Ancestor
Quadrupedal to Bipedal
The Earliest Hominins
Sahelanthropus
Orrorin
Ardipithecus
Australopiths
Australopithecus anamensis
Australopithecus afarensis
Australopithecus africanus
Australopithecus garhi
Paranthropus (Robust Australopiths)
The Human Genus
Homo erectus
Archaic Homo Sapiens
Neanderthals
Stone Tools
Anatomically Modern Humans
Homo Floresiensis

4. Modern Evidence

Molecular Clocks
Humans and Chimpanzees: The Narrow Divide
Mitochondrial Eve and Y-Chromosome Adam
Human Adaptation
Sickle Cell Trait
Lactose Tolerance
Skin Color
Ancient DNA and the Neanderthal Genome

5. Interpreting the Evidence

Big Brains and Intelligence
Evolutionary Psychology
Bipedalism
Reduced Body Hair
Body Size, Shape, and Strength
Teeth
Tool Use
Diet
Scavenging and Hunting
Fire
Reproduction
Language
Human Revolution
Altruism and the Human Colony
War or Peace?

6. Beyond Human Origins

Multiregional and Out of Africa Models
Worldwide Dispersal
Will We Evolve or Will We Go Extinct?
Deep Impact
Rewinding and Replaying Evolution

Statistics for Archaeologists

A Commonsense Approach





Libro de Robert D. Drennan (segunda edición 2009)


Part I Numerical Exploration
1 Batches of Numbers
2 The Level or Center of a Batch
3 The Spread or Dispersion of a Batch
4 Comparing Batches
5 The Shape or Distribution of a Batch
6 Categories

Part II Sampling
7 Samples and Populations
8 Different Samples from the Same Population
9 Confidence and Population Means
10 Medians and Resampling
11 Categories and Population Proportions

Part III Relationships between Two Variables
12 Comparing Two Sample Means
13 Comparing Means of More than Two Samples
14 Comparing Proportions of Different Samples
15 Relating a Measurement Variable to Another Measurement Variable
16 Relating Ranks

Part IV Special Topics in Sampling
17 Sampling a Population with Subgroups
18 Sampling a Site or Region with Spatial Units
19 Sampling without Finding Anything
20 Sampling and Reality

Part V Multivariate Analysis
21 Multivariate Approaches and Variables
22 Similarities between Cases
23 Multidimensional Scaling
24 Principal Components Analysis
25 Cluster Analysis

Earth, Water, Fleece and Fabric

An ethnography and archaeology of Andean camelid herding





Libro de Penelope Z. Dransart (2002)


1 Threads through time
2 Camelids, land and water in the South-Central Andes
3 Caring for herd animals in Isluga
4 Flowers of the herds: the wayñu ceremony in Isluga
5 The transformation of fleece into yarn
6 Historical perspectives on herding technology
7 The emergence of herding societies in the Atacama
8 The yarns and fabrics of Tulan societies
9 Conclusions: earth, water, fleece and fabric

BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY and the TRANSITION to AGRICULTURE

Libro edited por Douglas J. Kennett y Bruce Winterhalder (2006)


1 • BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND THE TRANSITION FROM HUNTING AND GATHERING TO AGRICULTURE
Bruce Winterhalder and Douglas J. Kennett
2 • A FUTURE DISCOUNTING EXPLANATION FOR THE PERSISTENCE OF A MIXED FORAGINGHORTICULTURE STRATEGY AMONG THE MIKEA OF MADAGASCAR
Bram Tucker
3 • CENTRAL PLACE FORAGING AND FOOD PRODUCTION ON THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU, EASTERN KENTUCKY
Kristen J. Gremillion
4 • ASPECTS OF OPTIMIZATION AND RISK DURING THE EARLY AGRICULTURAL PERIOD IN SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA
Michael W. Diehl and Jennifer A. Waters
5 • A FORMAL MODEL FOR PREDICTING AGRICULTURE AMONG THE FREMONT
K. Renee Barlow
6 • AN ECOLOGICAL MODEL FOR THE ORIGINS OF MAIZE-BASED FOOD PRODUCTION ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF SOUTHERN MEXICO
Douglas J. Kennett, Barbara Voorhies, and Dean Martorana
7 • THE ORIGINS OF PLANT CULTIVATION AND DOMESTICATION IN THE NEOTROPICS: A BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Dolores R. Piperno
8 • COSTLY SIGNALING, THE SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOR, AND ANIMAL DOMESTICATION IN THE ANDEAN HIGHLANDS
Mark Aldenderfer
9 • HUMAN BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY, DOMESTIC ANIMALS, AND LAND USE DURING THE
TRANSITION TO AGRICULTURE IN VALENCIA, EASTERN SPAIN
Sarah B. McClure, Michael A. Jochim, and C. Michael Barton
10 • BREAKING THE RAIN BARRIER AND THE TROPICAL SPREAD OF NEAR EASTERN
AGRICULTURE INTO SOUTHERN ARABIA
Joy McCorriston
11 • THE EMERGENCE OF AGRICULTURE IN NEW GUINEA: A MODEL OF CONTINUITY FROM PRE-EXISTING FORAGING PRACTICES
Tim Denham and Huw Barton
12 • THE IDEAL FREE DISTRIBUTION, FOOD PRODUCTION AND THE COLONIZATION
OF OCEANIA
Douglas Kennett, Atholl Anderson, and Bruce Winterhalder
13 • HUMAN BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND THE TRANSITION TO FOOD PRODUCTION
Bruce D. Smith
14 • AGRICULTURE, ARCHAEOLOGY, AND HUMAN BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
Robert Bettinger

Plateau Indians

Libro editado por Craig A. Doherty y Katherine M. Doherty en 2008


Introduction
Box Feature: The Study of Paleo-Indians
Map: Beringia, 18,000–12,000 Years Ago
Map: Glaciers and Migration Routes
Box Feature: Stone Tools

1 Stone Age Hunters to Riverine Culture
on the Plateau

Map: Plateau Culture Area
Early Period (9000 to 6000 b.c.)
Box Feature: Science Helps Archaeologists
Middle Period (6000 to 2000 b.c.)
Box Feature: Plateau Agriculture
Late Period (2000 b.c. to a.d. 1720)
Box Feature: Glaciers Feed the Plateau

2 The Cycles of Life

Family Organization
Box Feature: The Sweat Lodge
Tribal Organization
Map: Tribal Territories, ca. 1700
Box Feature: Languages of the Plateau

3 Houses, Clothing, Tools, and Transportation

Houses
Box Feature: Tule Reeds
Clothing
Box Feature: Dentalia
Utensils, Tools, and Weapons
Box Feature: Beaver Tooth Knives
Transportation

4 Daily Life

Spring
First Food Ceremonies
Fishing
Box Feature: Salmon Flour
Summer
Box Feature: Camas Root
Food Storage
Food Gathering
Trade
Games
Box Feature: The Stick Game
Fall
Hunting
Box Feature: A Deer Hunt
Gathering
Winter
Survival
Winter Spirit Dance
Box Feature: Coyote Saves All the Plants and Animals
Winter Hunting

5 The Coming of Europeans

First Contacts
Disease
Horses
Fur Trade
Box Feature: The Appaloosa

6 The Plateau in the Nineteenth Century

Lewis and Clark
Fur Traders
Map: Corps of Discovery, 1804–1806
Box Feature: Sacajawea (Sacagewea)
Oregon Trail
Map: Oregon Trail, 1841–1866
Walla Walla Treaties
War on the Plateau
Map: Flight of the Nez Perce, 1877
Box Feature: “I Will Fight No More Forever”
Losing More Land

7 Plateau Indians in the Twentieth Century

Education
Water Rights
A New Deal for the Plateau Indians
Box Feature: American Indian Defense
Association
World War II
Termination
Box Feature: Indian Claims Commision
Fighting for Fish
Box Feature: Fish-Ins
Box Feature: Elizabeth Woody (1959– )

8 The Indians of the Plateau Today

Tribal Enterprises
Casinos
Box Feature: Nez Perce Buy Back Artifacts
Cultural Revival
Indians of the Plateau Today
Box Feature: Devil’s Club
Table: Tribes of the U.S. Plateau, 2000

Archaeology of Identity : Approaches to Gender, Age, Status, Ethnicity and Religion

Libro editado por Margarita Díaz-Andreu y Sam Lucy en 2005

1 Introduction
MARGARITA DÍAZ-ANDREU AND SAM LUCY

2 Gender identity
MARGARITA DÍAZ-ANDREU

3 The archaeology of age
SAM LUCY

4 Status identity and archaeology
STAŠA BABIĆ

5 Ethnic and cultural identities
SAM LUCY

6 The archaeology of religion
DAVID N. EDWARDS

QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS

A user-friendly guide for social scientists


Libro de Ian Dey publicado en 1993

1 Introduction
2 What is qualitative data?
3 What is qualitative analysis?
4 Introducing computers
5 Finding a focus
6 Managing data
7 Reading and annotating
8 Creating categories
9 Assigning categories
10 Splitting and splicing
11 Linking data
12 Making connections
13 Of maps and matrices
14 Corroborating evidence
15 Producing an account
16 Conclusion

THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF ANIMALS

Libro realizado por J. M. Davis en 1987 (1995)

Introducción. Bones and antiquaries, a nineteenth-century prelude

Parte I.

Capítulo 1. Methods and problems in zoo-archaeology
Capítulo 2. What are bones and teeth?
Capítulo 3. On reconstructing past environments
Capítulo 4. In what season was a site occupied?

Parte II

Capítulo 5. Our hunting past
Capítulo 6. From hunter to herder: the origin of domestic animals
Capítulo 7. Later domesticated and the secundary uses of animals
Capítulo 8. Britain: a zoo-archaeological case study

Theoretical Archaeology

Libro de Dark publicado en 1995

Introducción
1. The identity and purpose of archaeology
2. The framework of archaeologycal reasoning
3. Classification and measurement of time
4. Social achaeology
5. Economic archaeology
6. Cognitive archaeology
7. Explaining cultural change
Conclusión